生态地质研究进展与展望     

聂洪峰  肖春蕾  任伟祥  刘建宇  戴蒙 《中国地质调查》2021,7(6):1-8

生态地质学是研究生态系统与地质环境之间关系的一门交叉学科,对国土空间生态保护修复工作有重要理论支撑作用。我国生态地质研究工作虽然经过了多年的发展与积淀,但时至今日生态地质学仍然处于研究和探索阶段。鉴于此,基于前人的大量研究,总结了国内外生态地质研究进展: 国际上,俄罗斯建立了生态地质学研究体系,美国发起的地球关键带研究是与生态地质研究十分契合的主题; 在国内,生态地质研究主要着眼于”生态-地质”相互作用过程与机理以及地质环境影响下的系统性生态修复研究。在此基础上,提出了生态地质学涵义及其研究内容、方法技术创新及学科体系构建思路,以期为服务山水林田湖草沙整体保护、系统修复、综合治理和生态地质系统深化研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Safety Measures after the 2011 Joplin,Missouri, Tornado          下载免费PDF全文

Bimal Kanti Paul  Mitchel Stimers 《Geographical review》2015,105(2):199-215

Immediately following the May 2011 tornado, the city of Joplin, Missouri, initiated recovery efforts to rebuild the part of the community devastated by this event. In doing so, city officials introduced two new safety measures and recommended several others. The main objective of this paper is to explore the tornado survivors' compliance with the safety features recommended by the Joplin city authorities. Face‐to‐face interviews, as well as other methods, were used to survey respondents who were living within the tornado path (damage zones) at the time of the tornado. Results showed that 43 percent of all respondents implemented at least one recommended tornado measure in rebuild or repair their destroyed/damaged homes. Further, it was found that three variables considered here— rebuild or repair, damage zone category, and perceived tornado risk—were all significant contributors to a homeowner's decision to implement recommended tornado safety measures. The paper concludes with a recommendation for expanding tornado safety education among the respondents.  相似文献   

The fate of waste in Hawaii: Technology assessment and solid waste planning in Hawaii, 1968–78          下载免费PDF全文

Jordan P. Howell 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2015,36(1):67-82

In this article I consider the initial period of solid waste management planning in the US state of Hawaii. The State encountered a number of economic and ecological controversies during its solid waste management planning, a process that was prompted by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Some issues, like project financing, were common across the US, while others, such as the potential of waste materials to reduce reliance on imported food and materials, were more unique to Hawaii. The controversies from this initial planning period were never quite fully resolved; as they lingered, they were interpreted differently across the Islands. Based on a close reading of government, advocacy group, waste industry and news media documents, I examine the controversies over solid waste management of the time and consider how the ‘dual nature’ of waste in Hawaii—simultaneously an ecological threat and (potential) economic input—shaped the adoption of solid waste management systems there. This article adds to an expanding literature examining infrastructure in environmental and technology histories.  相似文献   

CdTe量子点荧光猝灭法测定赤泥中痕量镍     

欧阳振中  白珊  罗道成 《岩矿测试》2015,34(2):176-180

Cd Te量子点具有荧光强度高和稳定性好的优点,应用Cd Te量子点荧光猝灭法分析基体复杂的样品,需要有效分离对测定干扰的金属元素和高效富集待测元素。本文以巯基乙酸(TGA)作稳定剂,采用水相合成法制备了巯基乙酸修饰的Cd Te量子点,基于镍离子在p H=10.0硼砂缓冲溶液中对Cd Te量子点的荧光具有较强猝灭作用,建立了一种测定赤泥中痕量镍的荧光光度方法。荧光猝灭反应的最佳实验条件为:Cd Te量子点的浓度3.0×10-4mol/L,反应温度为室温,反应时间10 min,在此条件下镍离子浓度在2.0×10-7~7.8×10-5mol/L范围内与Cd Te量子点的相对荧光强度呈良好的线性关系;方法检出限为1.5×10-7mol/L。本方法针对Fe3+、Co2+、Cu2+等主要基体金属元素允许量低的问题,采用25%的2-羟基-4-仲辛氧基二苯甲酮肟(N530)磺化煤油萃取回收滤液中的Ni2+,镍回收率达到99%以上;赤泥中痕量镍的测定结果与催化光度法相符,加标回收率为98.3%-104.2%。  相似文献   

New interpretation of the Franciscan mélange at San Simeon coast,California: tectonic intrusion into an accretionary prism     

Yujiro Ogawa  Ryota Mori  Toshiaki Tsunogae  Yildirim Dilek  Ron Harris 《International Geology Review》2015,57(5-8):824-842

Many concepts and interpretations on the formation of the Franciscan mélange have been proposed on the basis of exposures at San Simeon, California. In this paper, we show the distribution of chaotic rocks, their internal structures and textures, and the interrelationship between the chaotic rocks and the surrounding sandstones (turbidites). Mélange components, particularly blueschists, oceanic rocks, including greenstone, pillow lava, bedded chert, limestone, sandstone, and conglomerate, have all been brecciated by retrograde deformation. The Cambria Slab, long interpreted as a trench slope basin, is also strongly deformed by fluidization, brecciation, isoclinal folding, and thrusting, leading us to a new interpretation that turbiditic rocks (including the Cambria Slab) represent trench deposits rather than slope basin sediments. These rocks form an accretionary prism above mélanges that were diapirically emplaced into these rocks first along sinistral-thrust faults, and then along dextral-normal faults. Riedel shear systems are observed in several orders of scale in both stages. Although the exhumation of the blueschist blocks is still controversial, the common extensional fractures and brecciation in most of the blocks in the mélanges and further mixture of various lithologies into one block with mélange muddy matrix indicate that once deeply buried blocks were exhumed from considerable depths to the accretionary prism body, before being diapirically intruded with their host mélange along thrust and normal faults, during which retrograde deformation occurred together with retrograde metamorphism. Recent similar examples of high-pressure rock exhumation have been documented along the Sofugan Tectonic Line in the Izu forearc areas, in the Mineoka belt in the Boso Peninsula, and as part of accretionary prism development in the Nankai and Sagami troughs of Japan. These modern analogues provide actively forming examples of the lithological and deformational features that characterize the Franciscan mélange processes.  相似文献   

周期性弱凝胶调驱技术及应用     

齐陆宁  杨少春  刘芳  时丕同 《新疆地质》2011,29(3):352-355

通过室内物理模拟实验,研究平面模型中周期性注入弱凝胶效果和提高采收率机理.研究证明,弱凝胶调驱可大幅改善水驱油藏平面和纵向上的非均质性,提高水驱波及系数.周期性注入凝胶段塞能取得调剖作用和驱替效果,前段弱凝胶、中间水和后续弱凝胶可组成一个有机灵活整体,使水驱效率大幅提高,可维持调驱效果长效性.在试验基础上,针对埕岛油田北区CB6B块非均质突出,水驱矛盾突出问题,现场实施周期性弱凝胶调驱.实施后注入剖面得到明显改善,含水下降,累增油量2.05×104 t,提高采油速度0.3%.  相似文献   

油气藏埋存二氧化碳生物转化甲烷的机理和应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏小芳  罗一菁  刘可禹  帅燕华 《地球科学进展》2011,26(5):499-506

埋存CO<,2>生物转化CH<,4>技术是利用油、气藏中内源微生物,以埋存的CO<,2>为底物,通过CO<,2>生物还原途径合成CH<,4>的生物技术.此技术因兼备CO<,2>减排的环保意义、生物合成CH<,4>的再生能源意义、延长油气藏寿命和潜在经济收益等优势有着广泛应用前景.CO<,2>的捕集、埋存和油气藏生物多样...  相似文献   

废弃矿山植被恢复工程地质灾害危险性评估关键问题分析     

陈昌彦  朱志刚  王维理 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2011,22(2):76-81

系统论述了废弃矿山植被恢复工程地质灾害危险性评估的的工作内容、方法、评估范围等关键技术问题。文章提出废弃矿山植被恢复工程地质灾害危险性评估工作兼具地质灾害危险性评估和矿区地质工程环境条件评价的双重目的,为植被恢复工程建设提供必要的设计依据。分区、分段、分单元全方位地质灾害调查和综合评估是开展废弃矿山植被恢复工程地质灾害危险性评估的有效方法,最后分析和讨论了地质灾害危险性的现状评估、预测评估以及适宜性评估等关键问题。  相似文献   

绰斯甲水电站野人谷泥石流发育特征分析与防治建议     

赵军  袁国庆  唐世明  蔡仁龙 《四川地质学报》2011,(4):446-449

介绍了野人谷泥石流的发育特征,利用雨洪法进行了定量分析,为在该泥石流沟内布置渣场提出了合理的建议.  相似文献   

泥火山的全球分布和研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄华谷  邸鹏飞  陈多福 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2011,30(2):189-197

本文系统介绍了泥火山的全球分布特征、分类、成矿、成因特征和机制、生物地球化学和地质灾害。泥火山是盆地地层深部含水的泥质物在高压作用下喷出地表形成的锥状沉积体,主要发育在沉积速率较快和有横向挤压构造作用的盆地中。全球陆地有超过40个泥火山发育区,海底有超过20个泥火山发育区,每个发育区有几座到200多座泥火山不等,陆地和浅海区共有2000多个泥火山。各地泥火山有不同的喷发周期,喷发物也各有不同的形态、成分、来源和年龄。尽管泥火山的成因机制尚颇有争议,但较快的沉积速率和活动大陆边缘横向构造挤压作用无疑是两个最为关键的因素。由于泥火山对大地构造属性、油气勘探、生物地球化学、地质灾害和全球气候变化等问题的研究有着重要的意义,已逐渐成为地球科学一个新的研究热点。  相似文献